Momwe ma tag amitengo yamagetsi amagwirira ntchito

Ma tag amagetsi ndi ukadaulo wodzizindikiritsa wokha womwe umagwiritsa ntchito ma signal a wailesi kuti uzindikire zinthu zomwe zikufunidwa ndikupeza deta yofananira.

Ntchito yozindikiritsa siifuna kulowererapo kwa anthu. Monga mtundu wopanda zingwe wa ma barcode, ukadaulo wa RFID uli ndi mphamvu yosalowa madzi, yolimbana ndi maginito, komanso yolimba kutentha kwambiri, nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, mtunda wowerengera, deta yomwe ili pa chizindikirocho imatha kusungidwa, mphamvu yosungira deta ndi yayikulu, zambiri zosungira zitha kusinthidwa momasuka komanso zabwino zina. Njira yolembera, njira yosungira ndi kuwerenga ndi kulemba ya ma tag apakompyuta ndi zosiyana ndi ma tag achikhalidwe (monga ma barcode) kapena ma tag amanja. Kusungidwa kwa ma tag amagetsi kumasungidwa mu mtundu wowerengedwa kokha kapena wowerengedwa pa circuit yolumikizidwa; makamaka njira yowerengera, tag yamagetsi imapezeka ndi kutumiza kwamagetsi opanda zingwe. Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri aukadaulo a Ma tag a RFID amagetsi ndi: imatha kuzindikira chinthu chimodzi chokha, m'malo mwa mtundu umodzi wokha wa chinthu monga barcode; imatha kuwerenga zinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi, ndipo barcode imatha kuwerengedwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi; kusungira; Kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso ndi kwakukulu kwambiri; pogwiritsa ntchito ma frequency a wailesi, deta imatha kuwerengedwa kudzera muzinthu zakunja, ndipo barcode iyenera kudalira laser kapena infrared kuti iwerenge zambiri pamwamba pa cholumikiziracho.

(1) Chizindikiro. Chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zolumikizira ndi ma chips. Chizindikiro chilichonse chili ndi code yapadera yamagetsi. Chizindikiro chamagetsi champhamvu kwambiri chili ndi malo osungira olembedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndipo chimalumikizidwa ku chinthu kuti chizindikire chinthu chomwe chikufunidwa.

(2) Wowerenga. Chipangizo chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja kapena chokhazikika chomwe chimawerenga (ndipo nthawi zina chimalembera) zambiri za tag.

(3) Antena. Kutumiza chizindikiro cha pafupipafupi pa wailesi pakati pa chizindikirocho ndi wowerenga. Mfundo yoyambira yogwirira ntchito ya ukadaulo wa RFID si yovuta. Chizindikirocho chikalowa mu mphamvu ya maginito yotulutsidwa ndi wowerenga, chimalandira chizindikiro cha pafupipafupi pa wailesi kuchokera kwa wowerenga, ndipo chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yomwe imapezeka ndi mphamvu yochokera ku mphamvu yotumizidwa kutumiza zambiri za malonda (PassiveTag, chizindikiro chopanda ntchito kapena chizindikiro chopanda ntchito) chosungidwa mu chip, kapena kutumiza mwachangu chizindikiro china (ActiveTag, chizindikiro chogwira ntchito kapena chizindikiro chogwira ntchito); wowerenga akawerenga ndikumasulira zambirizo, zimatumizidwa ku malo ogwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso cha dongosolo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera.

Ma tag amagetsi amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: mtundu wolumikizirana wa ma circuit, mtundu wolemberanso wa waya pamalopo, ndi mtundu wolemberanso wopanda waya pamalopo malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zojambulira zomwe zasungidwa mkati; malinga ndi njira zaukadaulo zowerengera deta ya ma tag amagetsi, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: Pali mitundu itatu ya mtundu wotumizira mawayilesi, mtundu wochulukitsa ma frequency ndi mtundu wosinthira mawonekedwe; malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoperekera mphamvu (magetsi a batri), ukadaulo wozindikiritsa ma frequency a wailesi ukhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: yogwira ntchito, yopanda ntchito komanso yogwira ntchito pang'ono. Njira yotchuka kwambiri yogawa RFID ndi, malinga ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana ogwirira ntchito (gawo: Hz), imagawidwa m'mitundu inayi ya ma frequency otsika (LF), ma frequency apamwamba (HF), ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri (UHF) ndi microwave frequency band (MW).

(1) Makina ocheperako/okwera nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma frequency ogwirira ntchito a <30MHz. Ma frequency ogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi 125kHz, 225kHz, 13.56MHz (ma frequency ogwirira ntchito a khadi la ma radio frequency osakhudzana ndi IC), ndi zina zotero. Makina ozindikiritsa ma frequency a wailesi kutengera ma frequency awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Makhalidwe awo oyambira ndi awa: mtengo wa ma tag amagetsi ndi wotsika, kuchuluka kwa deta yosungidwa m'ma tag ndi kochepa, ndipo mtunda wowerengera ndi waufupi (mikhalidwe yopanda ntchito, mtunda wowerengera wamba ndi 10cm), mawonekedwe a tag yamagetsi ndi osiyanasiyana (yooneka ngati khadi, yooneka ngati mphete, yooneka ngati batani, yooneka ngati cholembera), ndipo mayendedwe a antenna yowerengera si olimba.

(2) Makina a UHF/microwave nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma frequency ogwirira ntchito> 400MHz, ndipo ma frequency ogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi 915MHz, 2450MHz, 5800MHz, ndi zina zotero. Dongosololi lilinso ndi miyezo yambiri yapadziko lonse lapansi yothandizira ma frequency awa. Zinthu zazikulu ndi izi: mtengo wokwera wa ma tag apakompyuta ndi owerenga, kuchuluka kwa deta yosungidwa m'ma tag, mtunda wautali wowerengera (mpaka mamita angapo mpaka mamita khumi), komanso kusinthasintha kuzinthu. Kayendedwe ka liwiro lalikulu ndi kabwino, mawonekedwe ake nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati khadi, ndipo antenna yowerengera ndi antenna yamagetsi imakhala ndi chitsogozo champhamvu.

(3) Pali batire mkati mwa chizindikiro chamagetsi chogwira ntchito, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mtunda wautali wowerengera. Vuto lake ndilakuti batireyo imakhala ndi moyo wochepa (zaka 3-10); palibe batire mu chizindikiro chamagetsi chogwira ntchito. Pambuyo polandira chizindikiro cha microwave kuchokera kwa wowerenga (chipangizo chofufuzira), imasintha gawo la mphamvu ya microwave kukhala mphamvu yolunjika kuti igwire ntchito yake. Kawirikawiri, popanda kukonza zinthu zitha kuchitika. Poyerekeza ndi makina ogwira ntchito, makina ogwira ntchito ali ndi malire pang'ono pa mtunda wowerengera komanso liwiro losinthira kuyenda kwa chinthucho.

(4) Chidziwitso chomwe chili mu tag yamagetsi yolumikizidwa nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa mu ROM process mode panthawi yopanga ma circuits ophatikizidwa, ndipo chidziwitso chosungidwacho sichingasinthe; tag yamagetsi yolumikizidwanso ya waya nthawi zambiri imalemba chidziwitso chosungidwa mu tag yamagetsi mkati mwake. Mu malo osungira amkati a E2, pulogalamu yodzipereka kapena wolemba amafunika kuti alembenso, ndipo iyenera kuyendetsedwa panthawi yolembanso; tag yamagetsi yolumikizidwanso yopanda zingwe pamalopo nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyenera ma tag amagetsi ogwira ntchito, yokhala ndi malangizo enieni olemberanso, ndipo ma tag amagetsi. Chidziwitso chosungidwacho chilinso m'malo osungira a E2. Kawirikawiri, nthawi yofunikira kuti alembenso deta ya tag yamagetsi ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa nthawi yofunikira kuti awerenge deta ya tag yamagetsi. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yofunikira kuti alembenso imakhala mu masekondi, ndipo nthawi yowerengera imakhala mu milliseconds.

(5) Dongosolo lozindikiritsa ma frequency a wailesi yamtundu wa Broadcast. Chizindikiro chamagetsi chiyenera kugwira ntchito moyenera ndikufalitsa zambiri zake zodziwika bwino nthawi yeniyeni. Wowerengayo ndi wofanana ndi wolandila yemwe amalandira koma osatumiza. Vuto la dongosololi ndilakuti: chifukwa chizindikiro chamagetsi chiyenera kutumiza uthenga nthawi zonse kunja, chimawononga magetsi ndikuyambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa ma elekitiroma ku chilengedwe, ndipo chitetezo ndi chinsinsi cha dongosololi ndizochepa. N'zovuta kuzindikira njira yodziwira ma frequency a wailesi ya frequency kawiri. Kawirikawiri, wowerenga amatumiza chizindikiro chofunsira ma frequency a wailesi, ndipo ma frequency onyamula chizindikiro omwe amabwezedwa ndi chizindikiro chamagetsi ndi ochulukitsa ma frequency a wailesi omwe amatumizidwa ndi wowerenga. Njira yogwirira ntchito iyi imapereka mwayi kwa wowerenga kulandira ndi kukonza ma echo signals. Komabe, pama tag amagetsi osagwira ntchito, pamene chizindikiro chamagetsi chimasintha mphamvu ya ma frequency a wailesi yolandiridwa ya wowerenga kukhala ma frequency a echo carrier a frequency kawiri, mphamvu zake zosinthira mphamvu zimakhala zochepa. Kuwongolera mphamvu zosinthira kumafuna luso lapamwamba la microwave, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zambiri zamagetsi zimawononga. Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yamtunduwu wamakina iyenera kukhala ndi malo awiri ogwirira ntchito, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kupeza chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito malonda a Radio Frequency Management Committee.

(6) Kuzindikira njira yodziwira ma frequency a wailesi yowunikira ma reflection modulation makamaka ndiko kuthetsa vuto la kutumiza ndi kulandira pafupipafupi yomweyo. Pamene dongosolo likugwira ntchito, wowerenga amatumiza chizindikiro cha kufufuza mphamvu ya microwave (energy), ndipo chizindikiro chamagetsi (passive) chimakonza gawo la chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya microwave cholandiridwa kukhala direct current kuti dera lomwe lili mu electronic tag ligwire ntchito, ndipo gawo lina la chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya microwave limasungidwa mu electronic tag. Chidziwitso cha deta chimasinthidwa (ASK) ndikubwezeretsedwanso kwa wowerenga. Wowerenga akalandira chizindikiro cha reflection amplitude modulation, amalemba zambiri zozindikiritsa zomwe zasungidwa mu electronic tag. Panthawi yogwira ntchito ya dongosolo, wowerenga amatumiza chizindikiro cha microwave ndikulandira chizindikiro cha reflection amplitude modulation nthawi yomweyo. Mphamvu ya chizindikiro chowunikira ndi yofooka kwambiri kuposa ya chizindikiro chotumizidwa. Chifukwa chake, vuto pakukhazikitsa ukadaulo lili pakulandila pafupipafupi.

Kulumikiza ma tag amagetsi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana potumiza zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.

Mtunda wogwirira ntchito pakati pa chizindikiro cha ma frequency a wailesi ndi wowerenga mu dongosolo lozindikiritsa ma frequency a wailesi ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lozindikiritsa ma frequency a wailesi. Nthawi zambiri, mtunda wogwirira ntchito uwu umatanthauzidwa ngati mtunda pakati pa chizindikiro cha ma frequency a wailesi ndi wowerenga kuti musinthane deta moyenera. Mtundu wa dongosolo lozindikiritsa ma frequency a wailesi ndi chizindikiro chokwanira, chomwe chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe ma tag a ma frequency a wailesi ndi owerenga amagwirizanirana. Malinga ndi mtunda wa dongosolo lozindikiritsa ma frequency a wailesi, kulumikizana pakati pa antenna ya chizindikiro cha ma frequency a wailesi ndi antenna yowerengera kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu.

(1) Dongosolo lolumikizidwa bwino. Mtunda wogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri umayambira pa 0 mpaka 1cm. Pantchito yeniyeni, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuyika chizindikiro cha ma frequency a wailesi mu wowerenga kapena kuchiyika pamwamba pa antenna yowerengera. Dongosolo lolumikizira pafupi limagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chothandizira (chotsekedwa cha maginito) pakati pa chizindikiro cha ma frequency a wailesi ndi malo owerengera antenna omwe amagwira ntchito pafupi ndi munda kuti apange njira yolumikizira ma frequency a wailesi yopanda kulumikizana. Ma frequency ogwirira ntchito a dongosolo lolumikizidwa bwino nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa pa ma frequency aliwonse omwe ali pansi pa 30MHz. Popeza kutuluka kwa ma electromagnetic kwa njira yolumikizira pafupi ndi kochepa ndipo mphamvu zomwe zimapezeka ndi cholumikiziracho ndi zazikulu, ndizoyenera machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito (monga maloko a zitseko zamagetsi) omwe amafunikira chitetezo chambiri ndipo alibe zofunikira pa mtunda wogwirira ntchito.

(2) Dongosolo lolumikizirana. Mtunda wogwiritsidwa ntchito wa dongosolo lolumikizirana ukhoza kufika pa lm. Dongosolo lolumikizirana likhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: dongosolo lolumikizana pafupi (mtunda wogwirira ntchito ndi 15cm) ndi dongosolo lolumikizana pang'ono (mtunda wogwirira ntchito ndi lm). Mafupipafupi ogwirira ntchito a dongosolo lolumikizirana lakutali ndi 13.56MHz, ndipo palinso ma frequency ena, monga 6.75MHz, 27.125MHz ndi zina zotero. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa dongosolo lolumikizirana ndi dongosolo lolumikizirana lolimba ndikuti mphamvu ya cholumikizira chothandizira ndi yosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa mtunda wolumikizira kukhala wosiyana. Machitidwe olumikizirana akutali akadali ofunikira kwambiri pamachitidwe ozindikira ma frequency a wailesi otsika mtengo.

(3) Dongosolo la mtunda wautali. Mtunda wogwiritsidwa ntchito wa dongosolo la mtunda wautali ndi 1 ~ 10m, ndipo machitidwe osiyanasiyana ali ndi mtunda wautali wogwirira ntchito. Machitidwe onse a mtunda wautali amagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chamagetsi (electromagnetic wave emission and reflection) pakati pa chizindikiro cha mafunde a wailesi ndi antenna yowerengera kuti azitha kuwunikira dera lakutali kuti apange njira yotumizira mauthenga a wailesi yopanda kukhudza. Mafupipafupi ogwirira ntchito a dongosolo la mtunda wautali ndi 915MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz, kuphatikiza apo, pali ma frequency ena, monga 433MHz ndi zina zotero. Ma tag a mafunde a wailesi a dongosolo la mtunda wautali amagawidwa m'ma tag a mafunde a wailesi osagwira ntchito (opanda mabatire) ndi ma tag a mafunde a wailesi osagwira ntchito (okhala ndi mabatire) malinga ndi ngati ali ndi mabatire. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro cha mafunde a wailesi chomwe chili ndi batire ndikutali kuposa kwa chizindikiro cha mafunde a wailesi popanda batire. Batire lomwe lili mu semi-passive radio frequency tag silipereka mphamvu yotumizira deta pakati pa chizindikiro cha mafunde a wailesi ndi wowerenga, koma limangopereka mphamvu ya chip ya chizindikiro cha mafunde a wailesi kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito powerenga ndikusunga deta. Dongosolo la mtunda wautali nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito njira yogwirira ntchito yowunikira kuti ikwaniritse kutumiza deta kuchokera ku chizindikiro cha ma frequency a wailesi kupita kwa wowerenga/wolemba. Machitidwe a mtunda wautali nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chitsogozo chachizolowezi, ndipo mtengo wa ma frequency a wailesi ndi owerenga akadali pamlingo wapamwamba. Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, dongosolo la mtunda wautali lomwe limakwaniritsa izi ndi dongosolo labwino la RFID: ma RFID tag ndi osagwira ntchito ndipo amatha kuwerengedwa ndi kulembedwa popanda waya; ma RFID tag ndi owerenga amathandizira kuwerenga ndi kulemba ma multi-tag; oyenera kuzindikira zinthu zoyenda mwachangu (Liwiro loyenda ndi chinthu ndi lalikulu kuposa 80kin/h); mtunda wautali (kutalika kowerenga ndi kulemba ndi lalikulu kuposa 5-10m); mtengo wotsika (womwe ungakwaniritse zofunikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi).